Foeniculum vulgare Mill.

Taxonomy

Family

Apiaceae

Genus

Foeniculum

Species

vulgare

English name

Fennel, Sweet Fennel

Italian name

Finocchio comune, Finocchio selvatico, Finocchio femmina

Distribution

Cosmopolitan in temperate climate areas

Chorological type

South-Mediterranea

Habitat

Fennel thrives in sunny and dry, stony and calcareous soils, near the sea, arid uncultivated and cultivated fields, orchards, and vineyards. It grows along roadsides and railways, channels and drains, rubbish dumps, Urban and periurban areas. Natural grasslands, shrublands, riverbanks and wetlands. (0 - 1000 m, in Italy).

Flowering time

VI - VIII

Nectar

Pollen

Pollen colour

olden yellow, (colorless)

Honeydew

Pollinators

Apoidea Andrena Anthidium Colletes Halictus Heriades Hylaeus Megachile Apis mellifera Butterflies Flies

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND WEB SITES

Pignatti S. - Flora d’Italia (3 voll.) - Edagricole - 1982
Reader’s digest encyclopaedia of garden plants and flowers - Reader’s Digest - Milano - 1988
Ricciardelli D’Albore G., Intoppa F. - Fiori e api - Edagricole - 2000 - www.bombus.it/pdf/ fiori_e_api/fiori_e_api.pdf
Ricciardelli D’Albore G., Atlas of world unifloral honeys - Fai Apicoltura - 2019
Simonetti G., Frilli F., Barbattini R., Iob M. - Flora di interesse apistico - Appendice a APICOLTURA Numero 5 - 1989
The European Garden Flora - Cambridge University Press Vol VI - 2000
The European Garden Flora - Cambridge University Press Vol I - II - III - IV - V 56- 1980
Worldfloraonline, An Online Flora of All Known Plants - http://www.worldfloraonline.org/
Acta Plantarum - The Italian Flora - www.actaplantarum.org/
Discover life, global map - www.discoverlife.org/
CABI, Invasive Species Compendium - www.cabi.org/
Plants For A Future - www.pfaf.org/
Atlas of livig in Australia - www.ala.org.au/
USDA Plants Database - plants.usda.gov/java/nameSearch
Flora of Australia Online - www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/main-query-styles.html
Florabeilles (INRA) - www.florabeilles.org
Floridata - floridata.com/home
Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe (DAISIE) - www.europe-aliens.org/default.do
Australian FLORA - www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-flora
Plantnet Flora mondiale - https://identify.plantnet.org/it/the-plant-list/species
GBIF | Global Biodiversity Information Facility - https://www.gbif.org/